Ramzan ke aakhir mein har saahib-e-haisiyat Musalman par ek chhota sa sadqa wajib hota hai jise Sadqa-e-Fitr ya Zakat-ul-Fitr kehte hain. Yeh roze ki kotahiyon ka kaffara aur gharibon ki Eid ka saamaan hai. Is post mein sadqa-e-fitr kitna hai, kis par wajib hai, kab ada karna hai aur kise dena hai, sab daleel ke saath bayan kiya gaya hai.
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Khulasa (Hanafi): Har us Musalman par jo Eid ki subah nisab ke baraabar zaroorat se zaid maal ka maalik ho, apni aur apni na-baligh aulaad ki taraf se wajib hai. Miqdar: gandum ka nisf saa’ (taqreeban 2 kg) ya jau, khajoor ya kishmish ka ek saa’ (taqreeban 4 kg), ya in ki qeemat. Eid ki namaz se pehle ada karein.
Daleel
Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar رضی اللہ عنہما farmate hain: “Rasoolullah ﷺ ne sadqa-e-fitr khajoor ka ek saa’ ya jau ka ek saa’ har Musalman par farz kiya, ghulam ho ya azaad, mard ho ya aurat, chhota ho ya bada, aur hukm diya ke log Eid ki namaz ke liye nikalne se pehle ise ada kar dein.” (Sahih Bukhari 1503)
Hazrat Ibn Abbas رضی اللہ عنہما farmate hain ke Rasoolullah ﷺ ne sadqa-e-fitr roze daar ko fuzool aur behooda baaton se paak karne aur miskeenon ko khana khilane ke liye muqarrar kiya. Jo ise namaz se pehle ada kare to yeh maqbool zakat hai, aur jo namaz ke baad ada kare to yeh aam sadqon mein se ek sadqa hai (Sunan Abi Dawood 1609).
Sadqa-e-Fitr ki Miqdar
| Cheez | Miqdar (Hanafi) | Taqreeban Wazan |
|---|---|---|
| Gandum / Aata | Nisf (aadha) saa’ | ~2 kg (1.75–2 kg) |
| Jau | Ek saa’ | ~4 kg (3.5–4 kg) |
| Khajoor | Ek saa’ | ~4 kg |
| Kishmish (Munaqqa) | Ek saa’ | ~4 kg |
Rupay mein kitna? Har saal bazaar ki qeemat ke hisaab se maqami ulama aur darul ifta (Pakistan mein mukhtalif madaris aur Islamic organizations) Ramzan mein raqam ka elaan karte hain. Gandum ke hisaab se kam se kam raqam hai, aur jo istita’at rakhta ho woh khajoor ya kishmish ke hisaab se ada kare to zyada sawab hai. Apne shehar ka is saal ka nirkh maqami masjid ya darul ifta se maloom karein.
Hanafi fiqh mein sadqa-e-fitr ki qeemat (naqd raqam) dena jaiz balke aksar surton mein behtar hai, kyun ke ghareeb apni zaroorat ki cheez khareed sakta hai. Shafi’i, Maliki aur Hanbali fiqh mein ghallah (khana) dena zaroori hai.
Sadqa-e-Fitr Kis par Wajib Hai?
- Har aazad, Musalman, saahib-e-nisab shakhs par — chahe roze rakhe hon ya kisi uzr se na rakhe hon.
- Apni taraf se aur apni na-baligh aulaad ki taraf se.
- Eid-ul-Fitr ki subah-e-sadiq se pehle paida hone wale bachche ki taraf se bhi.
- Biwi aur baligh aulaad ki taraf se dena zaroori nahi, magar un ki ijazat se de dein to ada ho jata hai.
Nisab: Saadhe baawan tola (taqreeban 612 gram) chandi ki qeemat ke baraabar zaroorat se zaid maal ya saamaan. Zakat ki tarah is par saal guzarna shart nahi. Mazeed sawalat ke liye: Islamic Q&A.
Kab Ada Karein?
- Afzal: Eid ke din, Eid ki namaz se pehle (Sahih Bukhari 1503).
- Jaiz: Ramzan mein pehle bhi de sakte hain, taake ghareeb Eid ki tayyari kar sakein. Sahaba Eid se ek do din pehle de dete the (Sahih Bukhari 1511).
- Namaz ke baad: Wajib saaqit nahi hota, ada karna zaroori hai, magar sawab kam ho jata hai.
Eid ki namaz ka tareeqa: Eid ki Namaz ka Tarika.
Sadqa-e-Fitr Kise Dein?
Unhi logon ko jo zakat ke mustahiq hain: ghareeb, miskeen, qarzdaar waghaira (Surah At-Tawbah 9:60). Apne maan baap, dada dadi, aulaad, pote, aur shohar/biwi ko nahi de sakte. Ghareeb bhai, behan, chacha, maamu waghaira ko dena jaiz balke dohra sawab hai.
FAQs
Sadqa-e-fitr kitna hai?
Hanafi fiqh mein gandum ka aadha saa’ (~2 kg) ya jau/khajoor/kishmish ka ek saa’ (~4 kg), ya in ki qeemat. Raqam har saal maqami ulama elaan karte hain.
Kya roze na rakhne wale par bhi sadqa-e-fitr hai?
Ji haan, agar woh saahib-e-nisab hai.
Kya sadqa-e-fitr masjid ki ta’meer mein de sakte hain?
Nahi, yeh kisi mustahiq ghareeb ko maalik bana kar dena zaroori hai.
Note: Miqdar aur masail Hanafi fiqh ke mutabiq hain. Is saal ki raqam ke liye apne maqami darul ifta ka elaan dekhein.
