Ghusl (غسل) poore jism ki paaki ka naam hai. Jab tak farz ghusl na kiya jaye, namaz, Quran ko chhoona aur masjid mein thehrna jaiz nahi. Allah Ta’ala farmata hai: “Aur agar tum janabat ki halat mein ho to (nahaa kar) khoob paak ho jao.” (Surah Al-Ma’idah 5:6). Is guide mein ghusl ka tarika bilkul aasan zuban mein diya gaya hai: ghusl ke faraiz, farz ghusl ka masnoon tarika jo Nabi ﷺ ka amal tha, aurton ke liye khaas masail, aur woh aam ghaltiyan jin ki wajah se ghusl adhoora reh jata hai.
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Khulasa: Hanafi fiqh mein ghusl ke 3 faraiz hain: (1) kulli karna (yani gharara; rozay ki halat mein gharara nahi, sirf achhi tarah kulli), (2) naak ki narm haddi tak paani pohanchana, (3) poore badan par is tarah paani bahana ke baal barabar jagah bhi sookhi na rahe.
Ghusl Kab Farz Hota Hai?
- Janabat: Miyan biwi ke milaap (hashfa ke dakhil hone) ke baad, chahe mani kharij na bhi ho; ya jaagte hue shehwat ke saath mani apni jagah se jud kar kharij ho.
- Ihtilam: Neend mein khwab ke baad kapdon par tari (mani) dekhne par.
- Haiz (mahwari) khatam hone par.
- Nifas (wiladat ke baad ka khoon) khatam hone par.
Jab tak farz ghusl na kar liya jaye, namaz parhna, Quran Majeed ko chhoona, zuban se Quran ki tilawat karna (chahe chhooye baghair zabani hi kyun na ho), tawaf karna aur masjid mein thehrna mana hai. Haan, zikr, Darood aur masnoon duayein (jo Quran ki ayat nahi) parhi ja sakti hain. Quran ki sirf woh ayat jin ke alfaaz khud dua ya Allah ki hamd o sana hain (jaise “Rabbana aatina fid-dunya hasanah…”) dil mein dua ki niyyat se parh sakte hain. Ayatul Kursi, chaaron Qul ya kisi bhi surah/ayat ko wazife ya hifazat ki niyyat se parhna bhi tilawat hi hai, is liye janabat, haiz aur nifas ki halat mein jaiz nahi. (Hanafi fiqh; daleel: Nabi ﷺ ko janabat ke siwa koi cheez Quran parhne se nahi rokti thi – Jami Tirmidhi, Sunan Abi Dawood)
Ghusl ke 3 Faraiz
| No. | Farz | Wazahat |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kulli karna (yani gharara) | Poore munh mein, daanton ki jadon, zuban ke neeche aur halaq ki jad tak paani pohanchana. Roza na ho to gharara karein; rozay ki halat mein gharara na karein, sirf achhi tarah kulli karein, taake paani halaq se neeche na jaye. |
| 2 | Naak mein paani | Naak ki narm haddi tak paani pohanchana |
| 3 | Poore badan par paani | Sar se paon tak har baal aur har hissa geela ho, koi jagah sookhi na rahe |
Note: Hanafi fiqh mein upar ke teeno kaam farz hain; in mein se ek bhi reh gaya to ghusl nahi hoga.
Ghusl ka Masnoon Tarika – Step by Step
Yeh tarika Hazrat Aisha aur Hazrat Maimuna رضی اللہ عنہما ki un riwayat se liya gaya hai jin mein unhon ne Nabi ﷺ ka ghusl bayan kiya (Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim):
- Niyyat: Dil mein napaki door karne ki niyyat karein.
- Bismillah: Ghusl khane mein dakhil hone se pehle masnoon dua parhein aur ghusl shuru karte waqt Bismillah kahein (agar ghusl khana aur bait-ul-khala ek hi ho to dil mein kahein).
- Haath dhona: Dono haath kalaiyon tak 3 dafa dhoyein.
- Sharmgah dhona: Baayein haath se sharmgah aur jism par lagi hui napaki ko achhi tarah dho lein.
- Haath saaf karna: Napaki dhone ke baad haath ko mitti, sabun ya handwash se saaf karein.
- Mukammal wazu: Namaz wala poora wazu karein. Agar aisi jagah khade hon jahan paani jama hota ho to paon aakhir mein dhoyein.
- Sar par paani: Sar par 3 dafa paani daalein aur ungliyon se baalon ki jadon tak paani pohanchayein.
- Daayan kandha: Daayein kandhe par 3 dafa paani bahayein.
- Baayan kandha: Baayein kandhe par 3 dafa paani bahayein.
- Poora jism malna: Haath se jism ko malein taake koi jagah sookhi na rahe.
- Paon dhona: Aakhir mein jagah badal kar dono paon dhoyein (agar pehle nahi dhoye).
Ghusl ke baad dobara wazu karne ki zaroorat nahi, kyunke ghusl mein wazu shamil ho chuka. Hazrat Aisha رضی اللہ عنہا farmati hain ke Nabi ﷺ ghusl ke baad (naya) wazu nahi karte the (Jami Tirmidhi).
Ghusl ki Sunnatein
- Niyyat karna aur Bismillah parhna
- Pehle haath aur sharmgah dhona
- Ghusl se pehle wazu karna
- Teen teen dafa paani bahana
- Daayein taraf se shuru karna
- Jism ko malna
- Paani zaroorat se zyada na bahana – Nabi ﷺ ek saa’ (taqreeban 3 litre) paani se ghusl farma lete the (Sahih Bukhari)
- Parde wali jagah ghusl karna
Aurton ke liye Ghusl ke Masail
- Gundhe hue baal: Hazrat Umm Salamah رضی اللہ عنہا ne poocha ke kya janabat ke ghusl ke liye choti kholun? Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya: “Nahi, tumhare liye kafi hai ke sar par teen chullu paani daal lo.” (Sahih Muslim). Yani agar baalon ki jadon tak paani pohanch jaye to choti kholna zaroori nahi. Lekin agar choti itni sakht gundhi ho ke jadon tak paani na pohanche to kholna zaroori hai. Yeh rukhsat sirf aurat ke liye hai; mard ke baal gundhe hue hon to un ko khol kar poore baalon ko geela karna zaroori hai.
- Haiz ke baad ghusl: Tarika wohi hai; is mein khushbu laga kar saaf safai ka khaas ehtimam karna masnoon hai (Sahih Muslim).
- Nail polish aur waterproof makeup: Yeh paani rokte hain, is liye ghusl se pehle hata dein, warna ghusl nahi hoga.
- Naak aur kaan ke chhed: Agar chhed khule hon to un mein paani pohanchana zaroori hai.
Ghusl ki Aam Ghaltiyan
- Naaf (belly button) ke andar paani na pohanchana
- Kaanon ke peeche aur kaan ke suraakh ko sookha chhod dena
- Tang angoothi ya choodi ke neeche paani na pohanchana
- Bina kulli aur naak mein paani daale sirf shower ke neeche khade ho jana
- Jism ke jodon (bagal, ghutnon ke peeche, paon ki ungliyon ke beech) ko sookha chhod dena
- Nail polish ke saath ghusl karna
Sunnat aur Mustahab Ghusl
Farz ghusl ke ilawa kuch mauqon par ghusl karna sunnat ya mustahab hai:
- Jumma ke din – Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya: “Jab tum mein se koi Jumma ke liye aaye to ghusl kare.” (Sahih Bukhari). Jumma ki namaz ke auqat bhi dekhein.
- Eid-ul-Fitr aur Eid-ul-Adha ki namaz se pehle
- Hajj ya Umrah ka ihram baandhne se pehle
- Arafah ke din (Hajj mein)
- Mayyit ko ghusl dene ke baad (mustahab)
Ghusl khane mein jane ki Dua
اَللّٰهُمَّ إِنِّيْ أَعُوْذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْخُبُثِ وَالْخَبَائِثِ
Transliteration: Allahumma inni a’oodhu bika minal khubuthi wal khaba’ith
ترجمہ: اے اللہ! میں ناپاک جنوں (مرد و عورت) سے تیری پناہ مانگتا ہوں۔ (صحیح بخاری)
Yeh dua andar dakhil hone se pehle parhi jaye, andar nahi.
FAQ – Aksar Pooche Jane Wale Sawalat
Ghusl mein kitne farz hain?
Hanafi fiqh mein ghusl ke 3 farz hain: kulli karna (yani gharara; rozay ki halat mein gharara nahi, sirf achhi tarah kulli), naak mein paani daalna, aur poore jism par paani bahana.
Kya ghusl ke baad wazu karna zaroori hai?
Nahi. Masnoon ghusl mein wazu shamil hai, is liye ghusl ke baad bina naye wazu ke namaz parh sakte hain, jab tak koi wazu todne wali cheez pesh na aaye.
Agar niyyat na ki ho, ya ghusl se pehle alag wazu na kiya ho? Hanafi fiqh mein wazu aur ghusl mein niyyat sunnat hai, farz nahi. Is liye agar kisi ne niyyat ke baghair teeno faraiz ada kar liye to ghusl bhi ho gaya aur wazu bhi, aur woh is se namaz parh sakta hai; albatta niyyat na karne ki wajah se ibadat aur sunnat ka sawab nahi milega. Isi tarah agar ghusl se pehle alag wazu nahi kiya lekin poore jism par paani beh gaya to wazu ke aaza bhi dhul gaye, is liye wazu bhi ho gaya. (Daleel: Al-Hidaya, Kitab at-Taharah; Ad-Durr al-Mukhtar ma’a Radd al-Muhtar)
Kya shower mein ghusl ho jata hai?
Ji haan, agar teeno faraiz poore kiye jayein aur jism ka koi hissa sookha na rahe to shower ke neeche ghusl durust hai.
Kya aurat ko ghusl ke liye baal kholna zaroori hai?
Nahi, agar baalon ki jadon tak paani pohanch jaye to gundhe hue baal kholna zaroori nahi (Sahih Muslim).
Napaki ki halat mein kya kar sakte hain?
Zikr, duayein aur Darood parh sakte hain. Lekin namaz, Quran ko chhoona, zuban se Quran ki tilawat, tawaf aur masjid mein thehrna jaiz nahi jab tak ghusl na kar liya jaye. Dua wali ayat sirf dua ki niyyat se parh sakte hain.
